1. Personal details
Full name:
Nigel Somerset ROBERTS

Address:
C/- Political Science and International Relations programme, School of History, Philosophy, Political Science and International Relations, Victoria University of Wellington, P. O. Box 600, Wellington, New Zealand.

Email address:
Nigel.Roberts88vuw.ac.nz (work). (Note: You will, of course, need to replace the figure “88” with the “@” symbol.)

Telephone:
021 260 4711 (cell phone number when dialled within New Zealand); +64 21 260 4711 (cell phone number when dialled internationally).

Place and date of birth:
London, England; 12 April 1944.

Citizenships:
New Zealand; United Kingdom.

2. Education
University degrees [in reverse chronological order]:
University of Essex, Wivenhoe Park, Colchester, Essex, England (1968-69): Master of Arts degree (in Government) awarded July 1970.

University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia (1964 to 1966 inclusive): Bachelor of Arts degree (with majors in Political Science and English, and sub-majors in Psychology and Geography) awarded March 1967.

Awards and prizes [in reverse chronologal order]:
ONZM (Officer of the New Zealand Order of Merit), awarded in the Queen's Birthday Honours List, June 2010.

New Zealand Electoral Commission Wallace Award for "the best academic paper, monograph or book on New Zealand electoral matters” published in the 18 months to 31 October 2004: jointly awarded in July 2005 to Jonathan Boston, Stephen Church, Stephen Levine, Elizabeth McLeay and me for our edited book, New Zealand Votes: The 2002 General Election (Wellington: Victoria University Press, 2003), 424 pp.

New Zealand Electoral Commission Wallace Award for "the best academic paper, monograph or book on New Zealand electoral matters” published in the 12 months to 30 April 2003: jointly awarded in August 2003 to Tim Bale and me for our article, Plus ça change ... ? Anti-Party Sentiment and Electoral System Change: A New Zealand Case Study, Commonwealth and Comparative Politics, vol. 40, no. 2, July 2002, pp. 1-20.

Fulbright Fellowship 2001, as a result of which I based at Southern Illinois University from June to August 2001.

Victoria University of Wellington Vice-Chancellor's Award for Special Academic Achievement — for Excellence in Research: awarded February 1998.

New Zealand Electoral Commission Wallace Award for "the best academic paper, monograph or book on New Zealand electoral matters” published in the 12 months to 30 April 1997": jointly awarded in August 1997 to Jonathan Boston, Stephen Levine, Elizabeth McLeay and me for our book New Zealand Under MMP: A New Politics? (Auckland: University of Auckland Press/Bridget Williams Books, 1996), x + 216 pp.

New Zealand Electoral Commission Wallace Award for making "an outstanding contribution to electoral matters": awarded August 1997.

The New Zealand Social Sciences Research Fund Committee (SSRFC) Hodge Fellowship for social science research: awarded October 1987; held February 1988 to January 1989.

Sir Richard Stapley Educational Trust grant for postgraduate study in the United Kingdom: awarded August 1968; held October 1968 to September 1969.

3. Positions held
Academic posts [in reverse chronological order]:
I have been an Emeritus Professor of Political Science in the Political Science and International Relations programme at the Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand, since 28 November 2013. My other post-retirement appointments in the Political Science and International Relations programme at Victoria University included (a) an Adjunct Professorship from 1 February 2010 to 31 January 2016, and (b) a part-time Professorial Fellowship from June 2011 to June 2012.

Professor of Political Science (previously Associate Professor/Reader and, prior to that, Senior Lecturer in Political Science), Political Science and International Relations programme, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand: 25 January 1994 to 31 January 2010.

Associate Professor/Reader and Director of Continuing Education, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand: 1 February 1981 to 24 January 1994.

Senior Lecturer in Political Science (and, prior to that, Lecturer in Political Science), University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand: 1 January 1970 to 31 January 1981.

Other posts [in reverse chronological order]:
Expert advisor to the New Zealand Electoral Commission (in connection with the 26 November 2011 New Zealand electoral systems referendum, as well as for the 2012 review of MMP). 8 October 2010 to 4 July 2012. (For further details about the review of New Zealand's electoral system, click here.)

Co-editor, 'Government and Nation' theme, Te Ara – the Encyclopedia of New Zealand, 1 February 2010 to 20 June 2012.

Election-night commentator for Television New Zealand: 1987 to 2008 (and, prior to that, election-night commentator for Radio New Zealand: 1975 to 1984).

Guest lecturer on (i) the MV Marco Polo's 19 to 26 February 1994 inaugural Splendours of New Zealand cruise; (ii) the MV Marco Polo's 26 February to 12 March 1995 South Pacific cruise; (iii) the MV Marco Polo's 15 to 29 January 1997 South Pacific cruise; and (iv) the Crown Odyssey's 14 to 27 February 2002 South Pacific cruise. On trips (ii), (iii), and (iv) I was a guest lecturer jointly with my Victoria University of Wellington colleague, Stephen Levine. (See Shining Stars Illuminate Your Voyage, The Explorer: The On-Board Magazine of Orient Lines, 2001, pp. 30-31.)

Political science advisor to the Electoral Referendum Panels established by the New Zealand Minister of Justice to ensure that the official information and education campaigns for the 1992 and 1993 electoral referendums were accurate, fair and unbiased: 6 April 1992 to 31 December 1993.

Information Officer/Photographer, Scott Base, Antarctica, for the New Zealand Department of Scientific and Industrial Research (DSIR): mid-October 1979 to mid-February 1980.

Visiting Lecturer, Institut for Statskundskab (Department of Political Science), University of Aarhus, Århus, Denmark: 1 September to 31 October 1976.

4. Teaching
As a teacher and as a researcher, I specialised in comparative politics — with a particular emphasis on New Zealand and Scandinavian politics, voting systems, and electoral behaviour. The courses I taught during my last six years as a full-time university academic included:

5. Publications
Books [in reverse chronological order]:
Key to Victory: The New Zealand General Election of 2008 (Wellington: Victoria University Press, 2010), 384 pp. Co-editor with Stephen Levine.

The Baubles of Office: The New Zealand General Election of 2005 (Wellington, Victoria University Press, 2007), 600 pp. Co-editor with Stephen Levine.

New Zealand Votes: The 2002 General Election (Wellington: Victoria University Press, 2003), 424 pp. Co-editor with Jonathan Boston, Stephen Church, Stephen Levine, and Elizabeth McLeay. s

Left Turn: The New Zealand General Election of 1999 (Wellington: Victoria University Press, 2000), 312 pp. Co-editor with Jonathan Boston, Stephen Church, Stephen Levine, and Elizabeth McLeay.

Electoral and Constitutional Change in New Zealand: An MMP Source Book (Palmerston North: The Dunmore Press, 1999), 497 pp. Co-editor with Jonathan Boston, Stephen Levine, and Elizabeth McLeay.

From Campaign to Coalition: New Zealand's First General Election Under Proportional Representation (Palmerston North: The Dunmore Press, 1997), 279 pp. Co-editor with Jonathan Boston, Stephen Levine, and Elizabeth McLeay.

New Zealand Under MMP: A New Politics? (Auckland: University of Auckland Press/Bridget Williams Books, 1996), x + 216 pp. Co-author with Jonathan Boston, Stephen Levine, and Elizabeth McLeay. (For further details about this book, click here.)

Voter's Choice: Electoral Change in New Zealand? (Palmerston North: The Dunmore Press, 1992), 143 pp. Co-author with Helena Catt and Paul Harris.

Political Tolerance in Context: Support for Unpopular Minorities in Israel, New Zealand, and the United States (Boulder, Colorado: Westview Press, 1985). xv + 264 pp. Co-author with John Sullivan, Michal Shamir, and Pat Walsh.

Election '78: The 1977 Electoral Redistribution and the 1978 General Election in New Zealand (Dunedin: John McIndoe, 1978), 184 pp. Co-author with Alan McRobie.

Monographs and research reports [in reverse chronological order]:
The MMP Voting System: Mixed Member Proportional (Wellington: New Zealand Electoral Commission, 2011), 3 pp. Co-author with Therese Arseneau.

The FPP Voting System: First Past the Post (Wellington: New Zealand Electoral Commission, 2011), 2 pp. Co-author with Therese Arseneau.

The PV Voting System: Prererential Voting (Wellington: New Zealand Electoral Commission, 2011), 2 pp. Co-author with Therese Arseneau.

The STV Voting System: Single Transferable Vote (Wellington: New Zealand Electoral Commission, 2011), 4 pp. Co-author with Therese Arseneau.

The SM Voting System: Supplementary Member Voting (Wellington: New Zealand Electoral Commission, 2011), 2 pp. Co-author with Therese Arseneau.

Referendum '93 Media Handbook (Wellington: Electoral Referendum Panel, 1993), 64 pp. Co-author with Alan McRobie.

Referendum '93: The Guide (Wellington: Electoral Referendum Panel, 1993), 16 pp. Co-author with Alan McRobie.

The Guide to the Electoral Referendum (Wellington: Electoral Referendum Panel, 1992), 24 pp. Co-author with David Naulls.

Politicians and the Press: Industrial Issues in Party Perspective (Wellington, Industrial Relations Centre, Victoria University of Wellington, Working Paper Number 9, 1986), 22 pp. Co-author with Raymond Harbridge and Don Edwards.

Antarctica 1982: Pictorial Desk Diary (Christchurch: South Pac, 1981), 115 pp.

The 1972 General Election and the 1977 Electoral Redistribution in New Zealand (Christchurch: Christchurch Teachers' College and Department of Political Science, University of Canterbury, 1978), 19 pp. Co-author with Alan McRobie.

Splits and Stays: Decisions Behind the Redistribution of Old Votes into New Electorates (Christchurch: Christchurch Teachers' College and Department of Political Science, University of Canterbury, 1978), 35 pp. Co-author with Alan McRobie.

New Zealand and Nuclear Testing in the Pacific (Wellington: New Zealand Institute of International Affairs, 1972), 40 pp.

Chapters in books [in reverse chronological order]:
Special Votes and the 2020 Election, in Stephen Levine, ed., Politics in a Pandemic: Jacinda Ardern and New Zealand's 2020 Election (Wellington: Victoria University Press, 2021), pp. 368-384, plus pp. 412-414 and p. 455. Co-author with Therese Arseneau.

'Here Today, Gone Tomorrow'? New Zealand Election Signs in 2020, in Stephen Levine, ed., Politics in a Pandemic: Jacinda Ardern and New Zealand's 2020 Election (Wellington: Victoria University Press, 2021), pp. 253-262 followed by an additional eight pages containing Images 22.1 to 22.16, plus p. 443.

The MMP Electoral System, in Janine Hayward, Lara Greaves, and Claire Timperley, eds., Government and Politics in Aotearoa New Zealand (Melbourne: Oxford University Press, 7th edition, 2021), pp. 217-229. Co-author with Therese Arseneau.

Flagging Fortunes: Early Intimations of National's Vulnerability, in Stephen Levine, ed., Stardust and Substance: The New Zealand General Election of 2017 (Wellington: Victoria University Press, 2018), pp. 203-217. Co-author with Therese Arseneau.

Australia, in Stephen Levine, ed., Pacific Ways: Government and Politics in the Pacific Islands — Second Edition (Wellington: Victoria University of Wellington, 2016), pp. 29-39.

Standing Back and Looking Forward: The 2014 Election in Perspective, in Jon Johansson and Stephen Levine, eds., Moments of Truth: The New Zealand General Election of 2014 (Wellington: Victoria University Press, 2015), pp. 300-319, 347-8. Co-author with Therese Arseneau.

The MMP Electoral System, in Janine Hayward, ed., New Zealand Government and Politics (Melbourne: Oxford University Press, 6th edition, 2015), pp. 275-286. Co-author with Therese Arseneau.

The General Election of 2014, in Janine Hayward, ed., New Zealand Government and Politics (Melbourne: Oxford University Press, 6th edition, 2015), pp. 334-344. Co-author with Stephen Levine.

'Kicking the Tyres' on MMP: The Results of the Referendum Reviewed, in Jon Johansson and Stephen Levine, eds., Kicking the Tyres: The New Zealand General Election and Electoral Referendum of 2011 (Wellington: Victoria University Press, 2012), pp. 325-344. Co-author with Therese Arseneau.

Proportionality and Disproportionality in Two-Tier Compensatory Member Electoral Systems, in Jens Blom-Hansen, Christoffer Green-Pedersen, and Sven-Erik Skaaning, eds., Democracy, Elections and Political Parties: Essays in Honor of Jørgen Elklit (Aarhus: Politica, 2012), pp. 60-68.

What if New Zealand had not adopted MMP?, in Stephen Levine, ed., New Zealand As It Might Have Been 2 (Wellington: Victoria University Press, 2010), pp. 271-292, 366-369. Co-author with Stephen Levine.

Exit, Voice and Loyalty in Action: Maori Representation in the New Zealand Parliament, in Maria Bargh, ed., Maori and Parliament: Diverse Strategies and Compromises (Wellington: Huia Publishers, 2010), pp. 115-148. Co-author with Stephen Levine.

Preface, in Stephen Levine and Nigel S. Roberts, eds., Key to Victory: The New Zealand General Election of 2008 (Wellington, Victoria University Press, 2010), pp. 13-21. Co-author with Stephen Levine.

2008: Key to Victory, in Stephen Levine and Nigel S. Roberts, eds., Key to Victory: The New Zealand General Election of 2008 (Wellington, Victoria University Press, 2010), pp. 25-42. Co-author with Stephen Levine.

2008: Voting Behaviour and the Keys to Victory, in Stephen Levine and Nigel S. Roberts, eds., Key to Victory: The New Zealand General Election of 2008 (Wellington, Victoria University Press, 2010), pp. 225-237. Co-author with Stephen Levine.

The General Election of 2008, in Raymond Miller, ed., New Zealand Government and Politics (Melbourne: Oxford University Press, 5th edition, 2009), pp. 339-353. Co-author with Stephen Levine.

Australia, in Stephen Levine, ed., Pacific Ways: Government and Politics in the Pacific Islands (Wellington: Victoria University of Wellington, 2009), pp. 26-34.

The Bolger Years: Troubles and Transformations, in Margaret Clark, ed., The Bolger Years 1990-1997 (Wellington: Dunmore Publishing, 2008), pp. 201-215, 219-222. Co-author with Stephen Levine. (To see this chapter, click here for Part 1 of it, and click here for Part 2.)

Preface, in Stephen Levine and Nigel S. Roberts, eds., The Baubles of Office: The New Zealand General Election of 2005 (Wellington, Victoria University Press, 2007), pp. 9-19. Co-author with Stephen Levine.

The Baubles of Office: Winning and Losing under MMP, in Stephen Levine and Nigel S. Roberts, eds., The Baubles of Office: The New Zealand General Election of 2005 (Wellington, Victoria University Press, 2007), pp. 23-49, 477-478. Co-author with Stephen Levine.

Changing Spots: Political Party Billboard Battles in New Zealand in 2005, in Stephen Levine and Nigel S. Roberts, eds., The Baubles of Office: The New Zealand General Election of 2005 (Wellington, Victoria University Press, 2007), pp. 269-279, 487-488.

Mixed Messages: Voting Behaviour in New Zealand in 2005, in Stephen Levine and Nigel S. Roberts, eds., The Baubles of Office: The New Zealand General Election of 2005 (Wellington, Victoria University Press, 2007), pp. 359-383, 493-494. Co-author with Stephen Levine.

A Wider View: MMP Ten Years On, in Stephen Levine and Nigel S. Roberts, eds., The Baubles of Office: The New Zealand General Election of 2005 (Wellington, Victoria University Press, 2007), pp. 445-475, 496-497. Co-author with Stephen Levine and Rob Salmond.

What If Winston Peters Had Chosen To Go With Labour in 1996?, in Stephen Levine, ed., New Zealand As It Might Have Been (Wellington: Victoria University Press, 2006), pp. 233-254; 280-284.

The General Election of 2005, in Raymond Miller, ed., New Zealand Government and Politics (Melbourne: Oxford University Press, 4th edition, 2006), pp. 338-352. Co-author with Stephen Levine.

Not Quite Camelot, in Margaret Clark, ed., For the Record: Lange and the Fourth Labour Government (Wellington: Dunmore Press, 2005), pp. 208-217; 251-254. Co-author with Stephen Levine.

New Zealand: Learning to Live with Proportional Representation, in Andrew Reynolds, Ben Reilly, and Andrew Ellis, eds., Electoral System Design: The New International IDEA Handbook (Stockholm: International Institute for Democracy and Electoral Assistance, 2005), pp. 100-103. Also published as Nueva Zelandia: Aprendiendo a vivir con el sistema de representación proporcional, in Andrew Reynolds, Ben Reilly, and Andrew Ellis, eds., Diseño de sistemas electorales: El nuevo manual de IDEA Internacional (Stockholm: International Institute for Democracy and Electoral Assistance, 2006), pp. 116-119.

Their Ways: A Comparative Assessment of New Zealand Prime Ministers and the News Media, in Margaret Clark, ed., Muldoon Revisited (Palmerston North: The Dunmore Press, 2004), pp. 243-268. Co-author with Stephen Levine. (To see this chapter, click here for Part 1, click here for Part 2, and click here for Part 3.)

Preface, in Jonathan Boston, Stephen Church, Stephen Levine, Elizabeth McLeay, and Nigel S. Roberts, eds., New Zealand Votes: The 2002 General Election (Wellington: Victoria University Press, 2003), pp. 9-12. Co-author with Jonathan Boston, Stephen Church, Stephen Levine, and Elizabeth McLeay.

New Zealand Votes: An Overview, in Jonathan Boston, Stephen Church, Stephen Levine, Elizabeth McLeay, and Nigel S. Roberts, eds., New Zealand Votes: The 2002 General Election (Wellington: Victoria University Press, 2003), pp. 15-27, 361. Co-author with Stephen Levine.

All Over the Place: Billboard Battles in 2002, in Jonathan Boston, Stephen Church, Stephen Levine, Elizabeth McLeay, and Nigel S. Roberts, eds., New Zealand Votes: The 2002 General Election (Wellington: Victoria University Press, 2003), pp. 270-280, 370-371.

Consistent Patterns and Clear Trends: Electoral Behaviour in 2002, in Jonathan Boston, Stephen Church, Stephen Levine, Elizabeth McLeay, and Nigel S. Roberts, eds., New Zealand Votes: The 2002 General Election (Wellington: Victoria University Press, 2003), pp. 309-332, 372-373. Co-author with Stephen Levine.

The 2002 General Election, in Raymond Miller, ed., New Zealand Government and Politics (Auckland: Oxford University Press, 3rd edition, 2003), pp. 219-232. Co-author with Stephen Levine.

New Zealand, in Dieter Nohlen, Florian Grotz, and Christof Hartmann, eds., Elections in Asia and the Pacific: A Data Handbook; Volume II: South East Asia, East Asia, and the South Pacific (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2001), pp. 707-739.

An Initial Assessment of the Consequences of MMP, in Matthew Shugart and Martin Wattenberg, eds., Mixed-Member Electoral Systems: The Best of Both Worlds? (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2001), pp. 297-322. Co-author with Fiona Barker, Jonathan Boston, Stephen Levine, and Elizabeth McLeay. (For further details about this chapter and about the book in which it appears, click here.)

The 1999 Election Results, in Raymond Miller, ed., New Zealand Government and Politics (Auckland: Oxford University Press, 2001), pp. 213-223. Co-author with Stephen Levine.

Unwanted Heroes? Three Labour Leaders and Seven Campaigns, in Margaret Clark, ed., Three Labour Leaders: Nordmeyer, Kirk, Rowling (Palmerston North: The Dunmore Press, 2001), pp. 214-230. Co-author with Stephen Levine.

A Case Study of the Consequences of Electoral System Change, in George Cautherley, ed., Thinking About 2007: A Green Paper (Hong Kong: Hong Kong Democratic Foundation and Hong Kong Policy Research Institute, 2001), pp. 75-95.

Introduction, in Jonathan Boston, Stephen Church, Stephen Levine, Elizabeth McLeay and Nigel S. Roberts, eds., Left Turn: The New Zealand General Election of 1999 ( Wellington: Victoria University Press, 2000), pp. 7-15. Co-author with Jonathan Boston, Stephen Church, Stephen Levine, and Elizabeth McLeay.

Voting Behaviour in 1999, in Jonathan Boston, Stephen Church, Stephen Levine, Elizabeth McLeay and Nigel S. Roberts, eds., Left Turn: The New Zealand General Election of 1999 (Wellington: Victoria University Press, 2000), pp. 161-174. Co-author with Stephen Levine.

Photographic Essay: The Billboard Battle for Attention and Votes, in Jonathan Boston, Stephen Church, Stephen Levine, Elizabeth McLeay and Nigel S. Roberts, eds., Left Turn: The New Zealand General Election of 1999 (Wellington: Victoria University Press, 2000), pp. 128a-128h.

The Political Executive, in Alan Simpson, ed., The Constitutional Implications of MMP (Wellington: School of Political Science and International Relations, Victoria University of Wellington, Occasional Publication No. 9, 1998), pp. 137-167. Co-author with Jonathan Boston, Stephen Levine, and Elizabeth McLeay.

Preface, in Jonathan Boston, Stephen Levine, Elizabeth McLeay and Nigel S. Roberts, eds., From Campaign to Coalition: New Zealand's First General Election Under Proportional Representation (Palmerston North: The Dunmore Press, 1997), pp. 7-11. Co-author with Jonathan Boston, Stephen Levine, and Elizabeth McLeay.

Surveying the Snark: Voting Behaviour in the 1996 New Zealand General Election, in Jonathan Boston, Stephen Levine, Elizabeth McLeay and Nigel S. Roberts, eds., From Campaign to Coalition: New Zealand's First General Election Under Proportional Representation (Palmerston North: The Dunmore Press, 1997), pp. 183-197. Co-author with Stephen Levine.

Photographic Essay, in Jonathan Boston, Stephen Levine, Elizabeth McLeay and Nigel S. Roberts, eds., From Campaign to Coalition: New Zealand's First General Election Under Proportional Representation (Palmerston North: The Dunmore Press, 1997), pp. 148-149, 152-153.

New Zealand : A Long-Established Westminster Democracy Switches to PR, in Andrew Reynolds and Ben Reilly, eds., The International IDEA Handbook of Electoral System Design (Stockholm: International Institute for Democracy and Electoral Assistance, 1997), pp. 128-131. Also published as Nouvelle-Zélande: Une démocratie solidement ancrée au modèle des Communes britanniques est passé à la RP, in Andrew Reynolds et Ben Reilly, eds., La Conception des Systèmes Electoraux: Un manuel de International IDEA (Stockholm: International Institute for Democracy and Electoral Assistance, 2002), pp. 128-132.

'A Period of Enhanced Surprise, Disappointment, and Frustration'? The Introduction of a New Electoral System in New Zealand, in Jørgen Elklit, ed., Electoral Systems of Emerging Democracies: Experiences and Suggestions (Copenhagen: Ministry of Foreign Affairs/Danida, 1997), pp. 63-74.

The 1996 General Election, in Raymond Miller, ed., New Zealand Politics in Transition (Auckland: Oxford University Press, 1997), pp. 223-233. Co-author with Stephen Levine.

MMP: The Decision, in Raymond Miller, ed., New Zealand Politics in Transition (Auckland: Oxford University Press, 1997), pp. 25-36. Co-author with Stephen Levine.

Interpreting Opinion Polls Results: What the Polls Should Tell You, in Colin James, ed., Understanding MMP: The Implications of New Zealand's New Electoral System (Wellington: ANZ Bank, 1996), pp. 17-19. Co-author with Stephen Levine.

Bias and Reliability: Political Perceptions of the New Zealand News Media, in Judy McGregor, ed., Dangerous Democracy? News Media Politics in New Zealand (Palmerston North: The Dunmore Press, 1996), pp. 197-209. Co-author with Stephen Levine.

Alternative Electoral Systems: An International Perspective, in Report on Consultation on Fiji's Constitution Review (London: International Alert; and Suva: School of Social and Economic Development, University of the South Pacific, 1994), pp. 64-73.

The Last Hurrah: The New Zealand General Election of 1993 — What Happened and Why, in Jack Vowles and Peter Aimer, eds., Double Decision: The 1993 Election and Referendum in New Zealand (Wellington: Department of Politics, Victoria University of Wellington, Occasional Publication No. 6, 1994), pp. 141-161. Co-author with Stephen Levine.

The Referendum Results: 'The People Screamed', in Alan McRobie, ed., Taking It To The People? The New Zealand Electoral Referendum Debate (Christchurch: The Hazard Press, 1993), pp. 57-67. Co-author with Stephen Levine.

Elderly People and the Political Process, in Peggy Koopman-Boyden, ed., New Zealand's Ageing Society: The Implications (Wellington: Daphne Brasell Associates, 1993), pp. 230-254. Co-author with Stephen Levine.

Policies and Political Perspectives: The Importance of Issues and Problems in New Zealand Electoral Behaviour, in Martin Holland, ed., Electoral Behaviour in New Zealand (Auckland: Oxford University Press, 1992), pp. 71-93. Co-author with Stephen Levine.

Electoral Reform and Referendums: The Views of Voters in New Zealand in 1987 and 1990, in Alan Simpson, ed., Referendums: Constitutional and Political Perspectives (Wellington: Department of Politics, Victoria University of Wellington, Occasional Publication No. 5, 1992), pp. 93-125. Co-author with Stephen Levine.

Sore Labour's Bath? The Paradox of Party Identification in New Zealand, in Margaret Clark, ed., The Labour Party After 75 Years (Wellington: Department of Politics, Victoria University of Wellington, Occasional Publication No. 4, 1992), pp. 50-72. Co-author with Stephen Levine.

National to Power: Voter Choice in 1990, in Hyam Gold, ed., New Zealand Politics in Perspective (Auckland: Longman Paul, 3rd edition, 1992), pp. 493-512. Co-author with Stephen Levine.

A Mirror for Miramar? The 1990 Election in Perspective, in Elizabeth McLeay, ed., The 1990 General Election: Perspectives on Political Change in New Zealand (Wellington: Department of Politics, Victoria University of Wellington, Occasional Publication No. 3, 1991), pp. 119-150. Co-author with Stephen Levine.

Parties, Leaders, and Issues in the 1987 Election, in Hyam Gold, ed., New Zealand Politics in Perspective (Auckland: Longman Paul, 2nd edition, 1989), pp. 423-445. Co-author with Stephen Levine.

Aspects of Electoral Behaviour in New Zealand in 1987, in Margaret Clark, ed., The 1987 General Election: What Happened? (Wellington: Social Sciences Research Fund Committee, 1987), pp. 10-35. Co-author with Stephen Levine.

Nats, Fat Cats, and Democrats: The Opposition Parties Under Labour, in Jonathan Boston and Martin Holland, eds., The Fourth Labour Government: Radical Politics in New Zealand (Auckland: Oxford University Press, 1987), pp. 36-53.

The 1987 Election, in Andrew Gawith, Gareth Morgan, and Rory O'Malley, eds., November 1986 Economics Service (Wellington: Infometrics, 1986), pp. 59-63.

Allies and Neutrals: The Scandinavian Options, in New Zealand and Europe (Wellington: New Zealand Institute of International Affairs, 1986), pp. 40-47.

New Zealand Interests in Antarctica, in The Antarctic: Preferred Futures, Constraints and Choices (Wellington: New Zealand Institute of International Affairs, 1983), pp. 5-11. [Revised and expanded version in New Zealand International Review, vol. 8, no. 5, September-October 1983, pp. 6-12.]

The Outcome, in Howard R. Penniman, ed., New Zealand at the Polls: The General Election of 1978 (Washington, DC: American Enterprise Institute for Public policy Research, 1980), pp. 215-249.

New Zealand, Denmark and Norway: Foreign Policy and National Character, in John Henderson, Keith Jackson, and Richard Kennaway, eds., Beyond New Zealand: The Foreign Policy of a Small State (Auckland: Methuen, 1980), pp. 28-36.

Proportional Representation: Lessons from Abroad, in J. Stephen Hoadley, ed., Improving New Zealand's Democracy (Auckland: New Zealand Foundation for Peace Studies, 1979), pp. 73-83.

The New Zealand General Election of 1972, in Stephen Levine, ed., New Zealand Politics: A Reader (Melbourne: Cheshire, 1975), pp. 99-114.

Getting It Right [The Public Opinion Polls and the New Zealand General Election of 1972], in Brian Edwards, ed., Right Out: Labour Victory '72—The Inside Story (Wellington: AH & AW Reed, 1973), pp. 185-204.

Refereed journal articles [in reverse chronological order]:
Special Voting in New Zealand, Political Science, vol. 71, no. 2, 2019, pp. 99-122. Co-author with Therese Arseneau.

Legislative Organization in MMP: The Case of New Zealand, Party Politics, vol. 18, no. 4, July 2012, pp. 503-521. Co-author with Ellis S. Krauss, Kuniaki Nemoto, and Robert Pekkanen. (For further details about this article, click here.)

Grand Designs: Parliamentary Architecture, Art, and Accessibility, Political Science, vol. 61, no. 2, December 2009, pp. 75-86. (For further details about this article, click here.)

MMP and the Future: Political Challenges and Proposed Reforms, New Zealand Journal of Public and International Law, vol. 7, no. 1, June 2009, pp. 135-156. Co-author with Stephen Levine.

The Constitutional Structures and Electoral Systems of Pacific Island States, Commonwealth and Comparative Politics, vol. 43, no. 3, November 2005, pp. 276-295. Co-author with Stephen Levine.

From Lobby Fodder to Leadership: New Zealand Parliamentarians and Select Committees, Political Science, vol. 56, no. 2, December 2004, pp. 39-49. Co-author with Stephen Levine.

Plus ça change ... ? Anti-Party Sentiment and Electoral System Change: A New Zealand Case Study, Commonwealth and Comparative Politics, vol. 40, no. 2, July 2002, pp. 1-20. Co-author with Tim Bale.

Politics, Asia Pacific Viewpoint, vol. 42, no. 1, April 2001, pp. 141-148. Co-author with Stephen Levine.

The Impact of Electoral Reform on the Public Service: The New Zealand Case, Australian Journal of Public Administration, vol. 57, no. 3, September 1998, pp. 64-78. Co-author with Jonathan Boston, Stephen Levine, Elizabeth McLeay, and Hannah Schmidt.

Courting Change: The Role of the Judiciary in Altering an Electoral System, Public Law Review, vol. 8, no. 4, December 1997, pp. 229-243. Co-author with Jonathan Boston, Stephen Levine, and Elizabeth McLeay.

Experimenting with Coalition Government: Preparing to Manage Under Proportional Representation in New Zealand, Journal of Commonwealth and Comparative Politics, vol. 35, no. 3, November 1997, pp. 108-126. Co-author with Jonathan Boston, Stephen Levine, and Elizabeth McLeay.

The 1996 General Election in New Zealand: Proportional Representation and Political Change, Australian Quarterly, vol. 69, no. 1, Autumn 1997, pp. 1-14. Co-author with Jonathan Boston, Stephen Levine, and Elizabeth McLeay.

A Category of Its Own? Four PR Two-Tier Compensatory Member Electoral Systems in 1994, European Journal of Political Research, vol. 30, no. 3, September 1996, pp. 217-240. Co-author with Jørgen Elklit.

Why Did New Zealand Adopt German-Style Proportional Representation?, Representation, vol. 33, no. 4, Spring/Summer 1996, pp. 134-140. Co-author with Jonathan Boston, Stephen Levine, and Elizabeth McLeay.

She Learned To Think Again: The Impact of Gender on Bridging Courses, Adults Learning, vol. 6, no. 6, February 1995, pp. 180-183. Co-author with Beverley Morris.

The New Zealand Electoral Referendum and General Election of 1993, Electoral Studies, vol. 13, no. 3, September 1994, pp. 240-253. Co-author with Stephen Levine.

The New Zealand General Election and Electoral Referendum of 1993, Political Science, vol. 46, no. 1, July 1994, pp. 40-69. Co-author with Stephen Levine.

Agenda Gap: Political Perspectives and Gender Differences in New Zealand, Political Science, vol. 45, no. 1, July 1993, pp. 139-151. Co-author with Stephen Levine. [Also in Helena Catt and Elizabeth McLeay, eds., Women and Politics in New Zealand (Wellington: Victoria University Press, 1993).]

The New Zealand Electoral Referendum of 1992, Electoral Studies, vol. 12, no. 2, June 1993, pp. 158-167. Co-author with Stephen Levine.

Elections and Expectations: Evidence from Electoral Surveys in New Zealand, Journal of Commonwealth and Comparative Politics, vol. 29, no. 2, July 1991, pp. 129-152. Co-author with Stephen Levine.

The New Zealand General Election of 1990, Political Science, vol. 43, no. 1, July 1991, pp. 1-19. Co-author with Stephen Levine.

Success, Swing, and Gender: The Performance of Women Candidates for Parliament in New Zealand, 1946-87, Politics, vol. 25, no. 1, May 1990, pp. 62-80. Co-author with Roberta Hill.

Parties, Policies, and Personalities: A Study of Two Electorates in the 1984 General Election in New Zealand, Political Science, vol. 39, no. 1, July 1987, pp. 1-16. Co-author with Stephen Levine.

Political Tolerance in New Zealand, Australian and New Zealand Journal of Sociology, vol. 21, no. 1, March 1985, pp. 82-99. Co-author with Pat Walsh and John Sullivan.

Political Intolerance and the Structure of Mass Attitudes: A Study of the United States, Israel, and New Zealand, Comparative Political Studies, vol. 17, no. 3, October 1984, pp. 319-344. Co-author with John Sullivan, Michal Shamir, and Pat Walsh.

The New Zealand General Election of 1975, Australian Quarterly, vol. 48, no. 1, March 1976, pp. 97-114.

New Zealand Review, Australian Quarterly, vol. 47, no. 2, June 1975, pp. 114-127.

The Utility of Swing in the Analysis of General Elections in New Zealand, Landfall, vol. 29, no. 1, March 1975, pp. 56-68. Co-author with Malcolm Mackerras.

Foreign Affairs: The Legend and Legacy of Norman Kirk, Islands, vol. 3, no. 4, Summer 1974, pp. 421-429.

New Zealand Review, Australian Quarterly, vol. 46, no. 4, December 1974, pp. 115-128.

The Female Kiwi as a Political Animal, Politics, vol. 9, no. 2, November 1974, pp. 200-201.

New Zealand Review, Australian Quarterly, vol. 46, no. 2, June 1974, pp. 115-128.

New Zealand Review, Australian Quarterly, vol. 46, no. 1, March 1974, pp. 76-87.

The Roundabout Swings of Australian Psephology, Political Studies, vol. 21, no. 3, September 1973, pp. 380-384.

New Zealand Psephology: The Study of Electoral Darkness, Murk, and Gloom, Political Science, vol. 25, no. 1, July 1973, pp. 79-83.

Trans-Tasman Twins: The 1972 General Elections in Australia and New Zealand, Politics, vol. 8, no. 1, May 1973, pp. 144-151. [Also in Henry Mayer, ed., Labor to Power (Sydney: Angus and Robertson, 1973).

ANZUS and Three 1972 Elections, Australian Quarterly, vol. 44, no. 2, June 1972, pp. 34-43.

Other journal articles [in reverse chronological order]:
Editorial: Continuity and Change in Political Science, Political Science, vol. 61, no. 1, June 2009, pp. 3-6. Co-author with Stephen Levine.

Editorial: In The Limelight? The 60th Anniversary of New Zealand's Independence and of Political Science, Political Science, vol. 60, no. 2, December 2008, pp. 3-5. Co-author with Stephen Levine.

Editorial, Political Science, vol. 59, no. 2, December 2007, pp. 3-4. Co-author with Stephen Levine.

Editorial, Political Science, vol. 59, no. 1, June 2007, pp. 3-4. Co-author with Stephen Levine.

Editorial, Political Science, vol. 57, no. 1, June 2005, pp. 3-4. Co-author with Stephen Levine.

Editorial, Political Science, vol. 56, no. 1, June 2004, p. 3. Co-author with Stephen Levine.

Editorial, Political Science, vol. 55, no. 2, December 2003, pp. 3-4. Co-author with Stephen Levine.

Editorial, Political Science, vol. 55, no. 1, June 2003, p. 3. Co-author with Tim Bale.

The New Zealand Political Change Project, Political Science, vol. 52, no. 2, December 2000, pp. 142-149. Co-author with Jonathan Boston, Stephen Church, Stephen Levine, and Elizabeth McLeay.

The New Zealand Parliamentarians: Did Electoral System Reform Make a Difference?, Legislative Studies, vol. 12, no. 2, Autumn 1998, pp. 63-75. Co-author with Jonathan Boston, Stephen Levine, and Elizabeth McLeay.

Caretaker Government and the Evolution of Caretaker Conventions in New Zealand, Victoria University of Wellington Law Review, vol. 28, no. 4, September 1998, pp. 629-648. Co-author with Jonathan Boston, Stephen Levine, Elizabeth McLeay, and Hannah Schmidt.

An Inventory of New Zealand Voting Surveys, Political Science, vol. 50, no. 1, July 1998, pp. 111-118. Co-author with Stephen Levine and Jack Vowles.

Contradictions and Compatibility: Electoral System Change and the New Zealand Political Culture, New Zealand Studies, vol. 6, no. 3, November 1996, pp. 23-28. Co-author with Jonathan Boston, Stephen Levine, and Elizabeth McLeay.

The Political Culture of Senior Public Servants: Expectations and Beliefs about MMP, Public Sector, vol. 19, no. 2, June 1996, pp. 12-16. Co-author with Jonathan Boston, Stephen Levine, and Elizabeth McLeay.

Proportional Representation and the Public Service: Will MMP Make a Difference?, Public Sector, vol. 18, no. 4, December 1995, pp. 24-27. Co-author with Jonathan Boston, Stephen Levine, and Elizabeth McLeay.

An Inventory of New Zealand Voting Surveys, 1987-90, Political Science, vol. 43, no. 2, December 1991, pp. 78-85. Co-author with Clive Bean and Stephen Levine.

Australia After 50,000 Years, New Zealand Journal of History, vol. 23, no. 2, November 1989, pp. 183-192. Co-author with Valerie Campbell, et al.

'Get the Bloody Numbers!' Raising the Response to Continuing Education Courses, New Zealand Journal of Adult Learning, vol. 15, October 1983, pp. 53-62.

Africa and the Six Crises of the Commonwealth, World Review, vol. 13, no. 3, October 1974, pp. 23-31.

Political Letter Writing and Petition Signing in New Zealand: A Preliminary Report, New Zealand Journal of Public Administration, vol. 37, no. 1, September 1974, pp. 35-42.

Foreign Policy and Australian General Elections, World Review, vol. 12, no. 2, July 1973, pp. 22-30.

Political Letter Writing in America: An Overview, Historical and Political Studies, vol. 1, no. 2, December 1970, pp. 122-127

On-line articles [in reverse chronological order]:
The Greatest Adventure of my Life, The Post (Wellington), 3 June 2024, pp. 24-25. (https://www.thepost.co.nz/travel/350287446/greatest-adventure-my-life-hitch-hiking-africa-15-year-old)

Blowin' in the Wind: A Postscript on New Zealand's Flag Referendums, The Constitution Unit, University College London, 9 May 2016. Co-author with Therese Arseneau (URL https://constitution-unit.com/2016/05/09/blowin-in-the-wind-a-postscript-on-new-zealands-flag-referendums/).

New Zealand's Flag Referendums: The Story So Far, The Constitution Unit, University College London, 16 February 2016. Co-author with Therese Arseneau (URL https://constitution-unit.com/2016/02/16/new-zealands-flag-referendums-the-story-so-far/).

Antarctica and New Zealand, Te Ara – the Encyclopedia of New Zealand, updated 9 November 2012 (URL http://www.TeAra.govt.nz/en/antarctica-and-new-zealand).

Electoral systems, Te Ara – the Encyclopedia of New Zealand, updated 9 November 2012 (URL http://www.TeAra.govt.nz/en/electoral-systems).

Referendums, Te Ara – the Encyclopedia of New Zealand, updated 9 November 2012 (URL http://www.TeAra.govt.nz/en/referendums).

Magazine articles [in reverse chronological order]:
Back on the Brink, New Zealand Listener, 29 October 2022, p. 3.

JFK: 1000 Electrifying Days, New Zealand Listener, 16 November 2013, pp. 20-23.

Two American Tales: From Tasmania to Montana and Vice-Versa, Alumni News, University of Tasmania, issue 33, November 2007, pp. 18-19.

Natural History and Coalition Courtship, North & South, September 2005, pp. 42-44.

Letter from Denmark: At the Going Down of the Sun, North & South, issue 193, April 2002, p. 94.

A Tale of Two Votes, New Zealand Books, vol. 5, no. 3, August 1995, pp. 8-11.

Electoral Studies in New Zealand: Responses to Rudd, Elections, Public Opinion and Parties in Britain Newsletter ( Lancaster: Political Studies Association Specialist Group), no. 4, November 1991, pp. 7-8. Co-author with Stephen Levine.

The 1990 New Zealand General Election: An Initial Analysis, Institute of Policy Studies Newsletter, no. 24, November 1990, pp. 2-5.

Crosses on the Ice, New Zealand Listener, 27 November 1989, pp. 24-26.

Bad Track Record [The Television Coverage of Women’s Sport in New Zealand], New Zealand Listener, 15 June 1985, pp. 14-16. Co-author with Eileen O'Leary.

A Sense of Proportion: Why Are There So Few Women in Parliament, New Zealand Listener, 18 September 1982, pp. 17-18.

The Unions – Like Them or Not, New Zealand Listener, 2 May 1981, pp. 22-23. Co-author with Pat Walsh and John Sullivan.

The Jig-Saw of Electoral Geography, New Zealand Listener, 11 November 1978, pp. 75-79. Co-author with Alan McRobie.

Charting the Swinging Seventies, New Zealand Listener, 14 October 1978, pp. 56-59. Co-author with Alan McRobie.

Eco-Politics in Scandinavia: Lessons for New Zealand, Canterbury Environment Journal, vol. 3, no. 9, October 1978, pp. 10-11.

Electorates: The Shape of Things to Come, National Business Review Outlook, April 1978, p. 6. Co-author with Alan McRobie.

Change in South Africa, New Zealand International Review, vol. 2, no. 4, July/August 1977, pp. 23-26.

New Models for New Zealand: Three Small Democracies Compared, New Zealand International Review, vol. 2, no. 2, March/April 1977, pp. 14-17.

New Zealand Electoral Pendulum, New Zealand Listener, 8 November 1975, p. 50.

Survey of Family Planning in Christchurch, Choice, vol. 11, no. 3, September 1974, pp. 24-26. Co-author with Heather Roberts.

The Politics of Discontent, New Zealand's Heritage, vol. 7, part 100, July 1973, pp. 2773-2777. Revised version published in mid-1979.

Consensus and Confusion: Politics in the 1950s, New Zealand's Heritage, vol. 7, part 93, June 1973, pp. 2583-2586. Reprinted in mid-1979.

South African Elections, Focus, June-July 1970, pp. 20-21.

Video tape / DVD:
The Guide to the Electoral Referendum (Wellington: Electoral Referendum Panel, August 1992), video, 50 minutes.

Referendum on the Voting System (Wellington: Unreal Films for the New Zealand Electoral Commission, 2011), DVD, 16 minutes. (Co-author with Therese Arseneau and Tony Sutorius; co-presenter with Therese Arseneau and Mabel Wharekawa-Burt.)

6. Administration
Throughout my academic career at both the University of Canterbury and at the Victoria University of Wellington, I have played a reasonably active role in University administration. Instances while at the Victoria University of Wellington include:

Departmental administration:
Thirteen years (1981-94) as the University's Director of Continuing Education.

Two years (1983 and 1984) as the Acting-Director of the University's Industrial Relations Centre.

Two years (1999 and 2000) as the Head of the School of Political Science and International Relations.

Two years (2001 and the first half of 2002, as well as the first half of 2006) as Head of the Political Science and International Relations programme.

Two years (2004 and 2005) as Chairperson of the Political Science and International Relations programme's Postgraduate Studies Committee.

University-wide administration:
Two years (1986-88) as a member of the Victoria University of Wellington Council.

Seven years (1987 to 1993) as a member of the University's Leave Committee (including three as Chairperson of the Committee).

I can also claim some responsibility for two significant policy developments at the Victoria University of Wellington:

• In the first place, I conducted an enquiry and wrote a report for the then Vice-Chancellor, Professor Ian Axford, about the potential and the need for summer school teaching at VUW. Summer trimester teaching is now an established part of the University's curriculum in all Faculties.
• Second, I was a member of the committee set up by Professor Axford's successor as Vice-Chancellor, Professor Leslie Holborow, and chaired by Professor David Hamer, to consider options for the future development of VUW's campus. The model that the committee recommended – which we called the northern European model – envisaged VUW developing multiple campuses within Wellington, and the proposal was both adopted and implemented by the Victoria University of Wellington.

Other administrative roles:
Four years (1981-84) as the National Treasurer of the New Zealand Institute of International Affairs.

Three years (1990-93) as the Secretary-Treasurer of the Wellington branch of the New Zealand Antarctic Society.

Three years (2003-06) as the Chairperson of the Wellington section of the New Zealand Alpine Club.

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This page was last updated on 3 June 2024.